Agrostis scabra

Agrostis scabra is a common species of grass known by the common names hair grass, rough bent, rough bent grass, winter bent grass, and ticklegrass. A tumbleweed, it is a bunchgrass native to Asia and much of North America, and widely known elsewhere as an introduced species.

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Description. Plants perennial, caespitose. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms 15 - 90 cm long, erect, nodes usually 1 - 2 (- 3), sometimes more, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly basal, sometimes cauline leaves well developed; sheaths 1.5 - 13 cm long, the lower ones usually longer than the internodes, the upper ones shorter, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 0.5 - 5 mm long, usually longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices rounded to truncate, sometimes acute, erose to lacerate; blades 3 - 14 cm long, (0.3 -) 0.5 - 2 (- 3) mm wide, the lower ones usually filiform and involute, the upper ones linear and flat, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (4 -) 8 - 30 cm long, (2.2 -) 4 - 20 (- 26) cm wide, open, lax, ovate, lax, usually long-exserted from the upper sheaths; branches spreading, sometimes ascending, rebranching in the upper third, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, spikelets usually clustered at the tips, inferior branches 1.5 - 13 cm long; pedicels (0.5 -) 1 - 7 (- 10) mm long, appressed, scaberulous. Spikelets 2 - 3 (- 3.4) mm long, greenish to purplish; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices shortly acuminate, 1 - veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 1.8 - 2.8 (- 3.2) mm long, upper glume 2 - 3 (- 3.2) mm long; callus pubescent, with 2 bunches of trichomes; lemmas 1.3 - 2 mm long, elliptic, apices entire, obtuse, sometimes toothed, 5 - nerved, veins prominent distally, unawned, rarely awned from above mid-length, awn up to 2 mm long, inserted 0.8 - 1.5 mm above the base, straight; paleas absent or up to 0.2 mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.5 - 1.4 mm long. Caryopsis 0.8 - 1.5 mm long, elliptic; endosperm liquid to soft. 2 n = 42 (Harvey 2007).

Agrostis scabra is a perennial bunchgrass growing mainly upright in form to heights of 6–39 in (15–99 cm), but reaching as high as 50 in (130 cm). It has been found growing as high as 12,000 ft (3,658 m) in Colorado. The leaves are rough with tiny hairs and up to about 14 centimeters long. The inflorescence breaks off of the plant at maturity and is dispersed by wind. The plant is often confused with Agrostis hyemalis, but Agrostis scabra tends to flower later in the year.

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Figs 4 M, 29, 30 A

The tolerance of this grass to alpine climates makes it a good plant to use in revegetating disturbed land in such regions. It is known to respond to burning with increased growth. It is known to spring up on sites where few other plants can grow, such as abandoned coal mines and soils polluted with sulfur, copper, and nickel. Prior to flowering, cattle, sheep, and horses readily consume it; it is also occasionally consumed by wild animals and after flowering by livestock.

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established

Distribution and habitat. Agrostis scabra is native from Alaska to Guatemala. It has been introduced in Argentina and Chile (Rugolo and Molina 1997), Venezuela, the West Indies and Europe (Dorr 2014). In the study zone, this species has been collected in the USA states of Arizona, California, New Mexico and Texas; in the Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz and Zacatecas; in the Guatemalan state of Huehuetenango (Fig. 26 B). It has also been reported from Mexico City, and the Mexican states of Aguascalientes, Hidalgo, and Tlaxcala (Davila et al. 2018; Sanchez-Ken 2019), but no specimens from these states were found. Agrostis scabra grows in open areas of temperate forests, with conifers and Quercus, also in cloud forests, alpine grasslands, stream edges and shrublands, between 630 - 3500 m a. s. l. (Fig. 27 B).

It occurs in most of the United States except parts of the Southeast and in most of Canada except for the farthest northern regions. It can be found in Mexico and California, and across Alaska to far eastern Asia as far south as Korea. It is resident in a great variety of habitats, from warm coastal valleys to the alpine climate of high mountain ranges. It has been observed on cliffs, in forests, at forest edges, in meadows and fields, and at the shores of rivers and lakes.

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Northern America (WGSRPD:7)

temperate Asia (WGSRPD:3)

Eastern Europe