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Description.
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Description. Epiphytic herb with elongate pendent shoots, 1.0 - 1.5 m long, red-brown, with zigzag appearance, densely pilose with gold-colored multicellular trichomes; internodes 2.0 - 4.0 cm long. Petioles 0.2 - 0.4 cm long, pilose with multicellular trichomes; leaves opposite, pairs either strongly anisophyllous or isophyllous, sometimes anisophyllous and isophyllous on the same shoot, larger leaf 9.5 - 10.5 cm long, 3.9 - 4.5 cm wide, ovate-elliptic, apex long acuminate, base slightly oblique, lateral veins 5 - 8 per side, adaxially dark-green, with multicellular white-transparent trichomes, abaxially light-green, densely pilose with multicellular white transparent trichomes, more densely pubescent on veins, margin serrulate; smaller leaf 1.3 - 1.9 cm long, 0.2 - 0.3 cm wide, lateral veins 2 - 3 per side, petiole 0.1 - 0.2 cm long, otherwise similar to larger leaf. Inflorescence reduced to a single axillary flower; bracts not seen, presumably caducous. Pedicels 2.6 - 3.7 cm long, bright orange, densely pilose with multicellular rust-colored trichomes. Calyx loosely clasping corolla, uniformly bright orange, lobes 2.6 - 4.2 cm long, 0.4 - 0.6 cm wide, oblong to narrowly-elliptic, apex acuminate to obtusely acuminate, exterior pilose, with multicellular rust-colored trichomes, more pubescent on veins and margins, interior glabrous, margin serrulate. Corolla 4.5 - 4.9 cm long, 0.6 - 0.8 cm at widest point, tubular throughout, inflated near center, slightly gibbous at the base, 0.6 - 0.7 cm wide before the limb, 0.2 - 0.4 cm at narrowest point of the base, bright orange externally, densely pubescent with multicellular rust-colored trichomes, interior with short white trichomes; ventral and lateral lobes reflexed, ventral lobe narrowly triangular to oblong, 0.4 - 0.5 cm long 0.2 - 0.3 cm wide, dorsal lobes fused, 0.2 - 0.3 cm long, 0.4 - 0.5 cm wide, lateral lobes triangular to narrowly triangular, 0.2 - 0.3 cm long, 0.2 - 0.3 cm wide. Filaments ca. 4.5 cm long, connate at base for 0.3 cm and adnate to corolla, anthers ca. 1.0 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, included in the corolla throat, quadrangular. Ovary ca. 4.0 mm long, conical, densely pubescent, with multicellular transparent trichomes; style 3.5 - 4.0 cm long, white with yellow apex, glabrescent; stigma unlobed, papillate, included in corolla tube. Nectary a bilobed dorsal gland. Fruit an indehiscent succulent berry, globose, distally acuminate, uniformly white, pilose; seeds not seen.
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Figs 2, 3
Weitere
Ecuador
Distribution and preliminary assessment of conservation status. Columnea fluidifolia is endemic to the northwestern Andean slopes of Ecuador. The only known populations are located in the Mashpi-Pachijal conservation area, in the northwestern province of Pichincha (Fig. 1). The Mashpi-Pachijal conservation area is located in the broadly defined ecoregion referred to as the Choco Biogeographic Region or the Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena biodiversity hotspot. According to the vegetation classification system by the Ecosystems of Continental Ecuador (MAE 2012), the vegetation is classified as Bosque siempreverde piemontano de Cordillera Occidental de los Andes (BsPn 01) (premontane evergreen forest) and represents a narrow band between 300 and 1400 meters, that ranges from the Esmeraldas province in the north to the Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas province in the south. Most remnants of this vegetation have been converted to agriculture crops or livestock. Fewer than 40 individuals of C. fluidfolia are known, with a majority in the privately owned reserves of Mashpi and Amagusa. Additional populations of C. fluidifolia are known along the primary road that connects the two reserves. Based on the available information and according to the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2012; IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019) C. fluidifolia is preliminarily assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) based on an EOO <100 km 2 (B 1), limited geographic range (criteria B 1 + 2 a, b), and restricted population of fewer than 50 individuals (D).