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Lithraea caustica is a species of flowering plants in the soapberry family Anacardiaceae.
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Lithraea caustica is a species of flowering plants in the soapberry family Anacardiaceae. This plant is endemic to central Chile; an example occurrence is in the area of La Campana National Park and Cerro La Campana. The tree is a well known human allergen and can cause a rash of the skin, the effects of and susceptibility to which can vary greatly among individuals.
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Litre is evergreen, with oval leaves with a smooth or undulating border. It can grow to be a full tree when undisturbed; the tree-like formation was formerly common, but it is now most frequently found as a shrub due to changing patterns of land use. It has leathery leaves due to the high levels of lignin and cellulose. It grows large, underground burls from which new growth will emerge after it is cut or burned down; it shares this trait with most of the woody plants in its region.
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Laurus caustica Molina, Lithraea caustica f. pilosa (Engl.) Cabrera, Lithraea caustica subsp. glabra Engl., Lithraea caustica subsp. pilosa (Engl.) Cabrera, Lithraea caustica var. pilosa Engl., Lithraea venenosa Miers, Persea caustica (Molina) Spreng., Rhus caustica (Molina) Hook. & Arn., Schinus lithi Dombey, Schinus lithi Dombey ex Marchand
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Litre grows in matorral climates (i.e., areas with similar climates to the southern Mediterranean); its range in Central Chile is the broadest of any matorral shrub in the region. It has been found to increase in abundance in response to grazing. The plant propagates through the dispersal of seedlings. Instrumental in this dispersal are both birds (Turdus falcklandii, Mimus thenca, Phytotoma rara) and foxes (Pseudalopex spp.) It is drought resistant, due to its deep and extensive root system. Probably due to its toxicity, litre is one of the least disturbed plants in its habitats. The plant and its surrounding soil have been found to be home to 29 families, 57 genera and 69 species of beetles.
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