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Terminalia arenicola, commonly known as beach almond or brown damson, is a tree in the family Combretaceae which is endemic to Queensland, Australia.
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Terminalia arenicola, commonly known as beach almond or brown damson, is a tree in the family Combretaceae which is endemic to Queensland, Australia.
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Terminalia arenicola is a small to medium-sized tree growing to around 10 m (33 ft) high, the trunk is grey and tessellated, branches are often sympodial. The leaves are obovate, discolorous, spirally arranged and clustered towards the ends of the branches. They may be up to 22 cm (8.7 in) long and 14 cm (5.5 in) wide. Domatia are usually present, as well as glands on the leaf underside near the junction with the petiole. The inflorescence is an axillary spike or raceme, which carries numerous pentamerous white or cream flowers measuring about 7 mm (0.28 in) diameter. The flowers near the base of the spike are bisexual whilst those near the apex are male. The fruit is a drupe, at maturity measuring up to 40 mm (1.6 in) long, 25 mm (0.98 in) wide and 18 mm (0.71 in) high, with a short "beak" at the distal end. They are initially glaucous blue/green, becoming dark purple or red at maturity. This species is very similar to Terminalia catappa, but is generally smaller in most respects.[citation needed] Phenology The brown damson is semi-deciduous and may be bare for a brief period in the spring (Sep-Oct). Flowering occurs from September to May and the fruit may ripen at any time of the year.
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The fruit are eaten by cassowaries.
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This species was first described in 1977 by Australian botanist Norman Brice Byrnes, and his nominated type was a specimen he collected near Townsville in 1971. His paper describing the new species, A Revision of Combretaceae in Australia, was published in the journal Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium. Prior to the publication of this new taxon, records of this species had been included with T. melanocarpa. Etymology The species epithet arenicola is from the Latin harēna, 'sand', and -cola, 'inhabitant', which refers to the beach habitat that is favoured by this tree.
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