Iris tigridia

Iris tigridia is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and China. It has dark green or greyish green, grass-like leaves, a short slender stem and a single flowers that are either violet, dark blue, blue-purple, dark purple, mauve, lilac, lavender, or light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

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It has small compact rhizomes. Which are brown, yellow or white, fibrous. Underneath the rhizome are numerous fleshy, secondary roots, which are between 3 and 4 mm wide. On top of the rhizome are the dense, brown, or dark brown, fibrous remains of last seasons leaves. It creates small tufted plants. It has dark green or greyish green leaves that can grow up to between 5 and 30 cm (2 and 12 in) long, and between 1.5 and 6 mm wide. At the time of flowering, they are 5–13 cm (2–5 in) long, and between 1.5 and 2 mm wide. They then elongate to the final height of up to 30 cm tall. They are grass-like, and they can be erect and linear or slightly curved. They do not have a midvein, but have an acuminate apex (pointed) tip. This form separates them from Iris potaninii. In mild temperate areas, they are evergreen (lasting through the winter). It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between 3 and 15 cm (1 and 6 in) tall. Sometimes, the stem seems to only just appear above ground. The stem has 2 yellow-green (scarious) membranous spathes (leaves of the flower bud). They are lanceolate and between 3 and 4 cm (1 and 2 in) long, with a pointed tip. The stems hold 1 (or rarely 2) terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between April and May (normally in May). The flowers are 3.5–5 cm (1–2 in) in diameter, come in shades of violet, dark blue, blue-purple, dark purple, mauve, lilac, lavender, or light purple. The flowers have darker spots, veining or mottling. Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. The falls are obovate, and 3–4 cm (1–2 in) long, and 1–1.5 cm wide. In the centre of the petal, it has a white patch and a beard, with blue-white or white hairs tipped with yellow or yellow hairs. The erect, or tilting outwards, standards are oblanceolate, and 2.5–3 cm (1–1 in) long and 0.4–0.7 cm wide. They are darker shade than the falls. It has a 5 mm long pedicel, and 2 cm long perianth tube, that widens out at the top. It has 2.3–2.5 cm long styles, that have triangular crests. It has blue pollen, and a long, green ovary, that is up to 1.2 cm long. It has 1.5 cm long stamens. After the iris has flowered, between June and July, or up to August, it produces an ovoid, or fusiform (spindle shaped), seed capsule. That is between 2.5 and 4 cm (1 and 2 in) long, and between 1.5 and 2 cm in diameter. It has a beak like top attached to the remains of the perianth tube. Inside the capsule are roundish or pear shaped (pyriform) seeds. They have a creamy or yellowish white aril (appendage). Biochemistry In 2003, a study was carried out on the chromosome sequencing of various Irises from the Siberian region of central Asia. They sequenced the rbcL gene from some Siberian iris species belonging to different subgenera, including Iris halophila, Iris ludwigii, Iris uniflora, Iris pseudacorus and Iris laevigata. Their results supported Brian Mathew's classification from 1989 that Iris bloudowii, Iris humilis, Iris ivanovae, Iris tigridia, and Iris glaucescens form a cluster. In 2011, a chromosome and karyotype analysis study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris tigridia. It found that the chromosome number of Iris tigridia was 2n=18. As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. It has been counted several times. Including by Doronkin in 1984. It has been counted as 2n=18, 20, 22, 24, 28, 32, 34, 38, and 40.