Pflanzenwissen · Art
Art der Gattung Ivania
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Description (Modified from Al-Shehbaz 2010): — Herbs, perennial, glabrous throughout. Caudex woody, densely covered with petiolar remains of previous years, several branches terminated in rosettes. Stems 8 ‒ 30 cm, erect, leafy. Basal leaves rosulate, not fleshy, more or less leathery; petiole 3.5 ‒ 9 cm; blade 2 ‒ 8 × 0.7 ‒ 3.5 (5) cm, oblong to lanceolate, pinnatifid to pinnatisect, base cuneate. Cauline leaves 1 ‒ 5 × 0.1 ‒ 1 cm, petiolate, linear-oblanceolate, entire to pinnatifid. Raceme elongated in fruit 5 – 12 cm long, branched, with cauline leaves up to the first flower of each branch; pedicels 1 ‒ 2 cm, divaricate-ascending. Sepals 2.5 ‒ 3 mm, ovate; petals 6 ‒ 7.5 × 2.5 ‒ 3 mm, white, spatulate, claw 3 ‒ 3.5 mm long; filaments 3 ‒ 3.5 mm long; anthers ca. 1 mm long, oblong; gynophore absent (~ 0.5 mm long in fruit); style 0.2 ‒ 0.5 mm long; stigma capitate, strongly 2 ‒ lobed. Fruit siliqua, 2.5 ‒ 5 × 0.1 ‒ 0.2 cm, linear, slightly curved, terete, each valve with 2 - 3 longitudinal veins, replum terete, septum complete and veinless; seeds 2 ‒ 3 × 1 mm, uniseriate on each valve, numerous, pyramidal, acuminate, brown.
Conservation status: — The conservation status of I. juncalensis had not been assessed until now, although Warwick et al. (2011) mentioned it should be listed as “ highly endangered ”. Here we propose to list it as Critically Endangered (CR) B 1 + B 2 a (i, ii, iii) following the IUCN (2012) criteria, as its extent of occurrence (EOO) is <100 km 2, its area of occupancy (AOO) is <10 km 2, it is known from only one locality, and its distribution and habitat suitability are expected to decrease under the effects of climate change (Luebert & Pliscoff 2012, Pliscoff et al. 2012). Some individuals showed signs of herbivory and we observed exotic lagomorphs in its habitat. Moreover, in the Andes of the Valparaíso Region there is goat and cattle farming, and multiple mining projects, such as the Nutrex mining project located less than 3 km away from the collection locality (Fig. 2).
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Ecology: — During the visits we did not observe pollinators, but we presume the species is pollinated by bees and / or flies due to the presence of nectaries and its floral morphology. After fruits dehisce, seeds are primarily gravity dispersed and helped by wind and water. It is likely that most seeds fall near the mother plant, which could partially explain its extremely restricted distribution. Phenology: — Flowers from early November to late December, and fruits from mid-December to mid-February.
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Chile Central
Distribution and habitat: — Ivania juncalensis is endemic to the Andes of the Región de Valparaíso (Al-Shehbaz 2010, Rodríguez et al. 2018) and, until now, it is only known from the locality reported in this article. It is located in the private protected area Parque Andino Juncal, in the Río Juncal valley, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (Fig. 2). It is found between 2500 and 2900 m. a. s. l. in the “ Mediterranean Andean dwarf scrub of Chuquiraga oppositifolia D. Don (1832: 392) and Nardophyllum lanatum (Meyen) Cabrera (1954: 63) ” vegetation type, which is found on high hillsides of the Andes between the provinces of Choapa and Colchagua (Luebert & Pliscoff 2017). However, I. juncalensis grows exclusively in rock crevices (Fig. 3), generally oriented towards the southwest, where it was observed along with Bowlesia tropaeolifolia Gillies & Hook. (1830: 325), Cystopteris apiiformis Gand (1913: 28), and Valeriana stricta Clos ([in Gay] 1848: 235). Based on field observations, we estimate its population size is less than 250 mature individuals.