Hypericum ×inodorum

Hypericum × inodorum, called tall tutsan or the tall St John's wort, is a bushy perennial shrub with yellow flowers native to Western Europe. It has been known since 1789, but confusion around its name, identity, and origin persisted throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Hypericum × inodorum is a bushy perennial shrub that grows 0.6–2.0 meters (2 ft 0 in – 6 ft 7 in) tall and has a spread of 0.9–1.5 m (2 ft 11 in – 4 ft 11 in). Its branches stand upright and many originate at the base, which does not root aboveground. The species' stems are cylindrical when the plant is mature. There is 0.2–0.8 centimeters of stem between pairs of leaves. The bark of the plant is scaly in texture. The leaves are directly attached to the stems, and do not have a leafstalk. Sometimes, the leaves even surround the stem somewhat. The leaf blades are 3.5–11 cm (1.4–4.3 in) long by 2.0–6.0 cm (0.8–2.4 in) wide, and are between an oval-lance shape and a wide egg shape, with a rounded or almost pointed tip. There are four or five pairs of main veins that arise from the midrib and ascend outwards in the direction of the tip of the leaf. The web of small tertiary veins is visible from either side of the leaf. There are small glands on the leaf, which are dense along its edges. Every cluster of flowers usually has 3–23 flowers, which arise from one or two distinct nodes. There are no lower accessory flowers, and the bracts are small and lance-shaped. Each flower is 1.5–3.0 cm (0.6–1.2 in) wide, and before blooming have globe-shaped buds. The sepal leaves overlap each other and vary in size. They measure 0.5–1.0 cm long and 0.2–0.5 cm wide, and remain on the flower until the fruit ripens, or longer. The petals are golden yellow, without any red tinge. They can either spread out or curve inwards, and they measure 0.8–1.5 cm long. Every bundle of stamens has 20–30 stamens, the longest of which are 1.0–2.0 cm long. The seed capsule has thin walls and is flesh, and goes from a red to dark brown color, sometimes splitting at its end. The seeds inside are red-brown and are 0.12–0.15 cm long. They have a wing on one side, and sometimes have wing-like appendages on their end.

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The first mention of this hybrid in botanical literature was in Joseph Tournefort's 1700 work Institutiones rei herbariae. However, authorship of the species is given to Philip Miller, who included it in the 1768 edition of The Gardeners Dictionary. Both authors gave the following Latin polynomial to the plant, and Miller supplied an English translation: Hypericum Orientale, foetido simile, sed inodorum. Eastern St John's wort, like the stinking Kind, but without Smell. Furthermore, Miller designated a holotype for the plant: a cultivated specimen taken from the Chelsea Physic Garden in London. In 1789, William Aiton described the same plant in Hortus Kewensis under a different name: Hypericum elatum. He offered a longer description, with details on the flowers of the plant, and called it the "tall St John's wort". The name H. elatum was popularly used for the species throughout the 19th century, and it was included in a partial monograph of Hypericum in 1821. Beyond these two names, the plant was misidentified in various ways by more than half a dozen botanists in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was described as both of its parents, H. androsaemum and H. grandifolium. Some English specimens were called Hypericum anglicum on several occasions, and the names H. multiflorum and H. persistens have also been used. At some points, the plant was included in the genus Androsaemum (now the section in Hypericum to which it belongs) as A. pyramidale, A. parviflorum, and A. × urberuagae. Norman Robson included the species in his assay of the genus Hypericum in Flora Europaea in 1968, confirming that it was an intermediate form of H. androsaemum and H. grandifolium and hypothesizing that it was a hybrid between the two species. This was confirmed in the 1985 installment of Robson's monograph of the genus, along with a detailed description of the species and a history of its nomenclature.

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cbd_2014_pathway:escape_horticulture

casual

cultivated origin