Pflanzenwissen · Art
Art der Gattung Koenigia
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Koenigia × fennica, known as Finnish knotweed, is a hybrid between two species of Koenigia, K. alpina and K. weyrichii, members of the family Polygonaceae, the knotweed family. It generally only known as a cultivated garden plant, but plants have been recorded a few times surviving in abandoned areas in northern Europe, especially in Finland. The cultivar 'Johanniswolke' is considered an attractive ornamental perennial plant.
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Eingeführt
Belgien, Kanada (Ontario), Finnland, Vereinigtes Königreich, Norwegen, Schweden, Dänemark
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Norwegen
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Belege
Aconogonon alpinum × weyrichii, Aconogonon xfennicum Reiersen, Aconogonon ×fennicum Reiersen, Aconogonum xfennicum Reiersen, Aconogonum ×fennicum Reiersen, Persicaria ×fennica (Reiersen) Stace, Polygonum ×fennicum (Reiersen) S.R.Majorov
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Like the other species of the former genus Aconogonon (all now classified in Koenigia), the hybrid is a perennial, growing from short rhizomes. It grows to about 1.5 m (5 ft), with leaves up at least 10 cm (4 in) long and about 4.5 cm (1.8 in) wide. The hybrid is intermediate in appearance between its parents. It differs from Koenigia weyrichii in having less persistent ochreas (sheaths surrounding the stems), less pointed leaves with fewer hairs on the underside, pedicels that are jointed in the upper part, and larger tepals. It has broader leaves than Koenigia alpina, with a width at least 40% of the length. It usually does not produce fertile seed. The hybrid may have arisen a number of times in Europe. Reiersen, who had studied the taxon since the late 1980s, noted in 2000 that Danish plants had hairier leaves than the other Scandinavian plants, and that Danish plants produced fertile pollen and differed in other small aspects of the floral morphology. There were three plants known in Britain until the 2000s, two of them cultivated in botanical gardens, these differed from each other, and from the Scandinavian collections, with the plant from Yorkshire producing fertile seed.
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Scandinavian plants of Koenigia × fennica had originally been identified as K. mollis in Nordic floras, but in 1999 Reiersen described them as a new hybrid, Aconogonon × fennicum, both purported parents (now Koenigia alpina and K. weyrichii) then being placed in the genus Aconogonon. Clive A. Stace, who in the 1997 edition of the New Flora of the British Isles had classified the three known British plants as a variant of Persicaria alpina, promptly moved the taxon to P. × fennica in 2002, believing Aconogonon to be invalid as a genus. Aconogonon has since been subsumed into Koenigia. The genus Koenigia is placed in the tribe Persicarieae, whose taxonomic history has been described as "exceptionally convoluted, even by Polygonaceae standards". The generic boundaries within the tribe have varied considerably; Koenigia × fennica has also been placed in Persicaria and Polygonum. The orthographical variant Aconogonum is used by some sources.
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It was widespread in cultivation in Nordic countries, especially Finland, when first described in 1999. The first plants appeared in the 1970s in Finland. Reiersen in 2000 recorded over 100 instances of it being found in Finland, a dozen or so each in Norway and Denmark, and twice in Sweden. By 2018 it had been found 514 times in Finland. It is recorded as a "new resident alien" in the 2019 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Finland, and "spreading in the wild". It has only been found once as a garden escape in Britain, a plant found in 1981 in Yorkshire. In Belgium it has been sighted twice as a garden escape on abandoned grounds, both in 2014.
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