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Art der Gattung Veilchen (Viola)
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Viola betonicifolia, commonly known as the arrowhead violet, showy violet or mountain violet, is a small perennial of the genus Viola, which contains pansies and violets. It occurs from India and Pakistan in southern Asia throughout eastern Australia and Tasmania. It grows in shaded habitat in forests.
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This species is distinguished by long, slender arrow-shaped leaves that grow from the base of the plant, which has no stem as such, and are up to 6 cm (2.5 in) long with a v-shaped sinus at the base, and are usually rather bright, fresh green. Its striking bright purple flowers are 1–1.5 cm (0.4–0.6 in) in diameter and occur in spring and summer. Flowers are followed by small pale brown pods with tiny blackish seeds.
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Viola betonicifolia subsp. jaunsariensis
Viola betonicifolia subsp. novaguineensis
Viola betonicifolia subsp. nova-guineensis
Viola betonicifolia var. albescens
Viola betonicifolia var. cordifolia
Viola betonicifolia var. oblongosagittata
Viola betonicifolia var. yuanfengia
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Belege
Viola albescens (Nakai) Makino, Viola betonicifolia f. pubescens H.Hara, Viola betonicifolia subsp. australiensis W.Becker, Viola betonicifolia subsp. dielsiana W.Becker, Viola betonicifolia subsp. napaulensis (Ging.) W.Becker, Viola betonicifolia subsp. nepalensis (Ging.) W.Becker, Viola betonicifolia var. albescens (Nakai) F.Maek. & T.Hashim., Viola betonicifolia var. cordifolia Hara, Viola betonicifolia var. yuanfengia S.S.Ying,
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The caterpillars of the laced or Indian fritillary (Argynnis hyperbius) feed upon this plant, and the flowers are pollinated by the large- or common grass yellow (Eurema hecabe). Coastal swamps where Viola betonicifolia grows have been drained in New South Wales, endangering the status of the laced fritillary in that state.
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English botanist Sir James Edward Smith was the first to describe Viola betonicifolia, giving it the common name "betony-leaved violet" in volume 37 of Rees's Cyclopædia in 1817. He noted that it was native to New South Wales. Spelling it Viola betonicæfolia in Flora Australiensis, George Bentham recognised it as the senior synonym of Viola longiscapa (DC.) G.Don and V. phyteumifolia G.Don.
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Heimisch
Taiwan
Weitere
Afghanistan, Assam, Bangladesch, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, Indien, Japan, Jawa, Korea
Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Guinea, New South Wales, Norfolk Is., Pakistan, Philippinen, Queensland, South Australia, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Tasmania, Thailand, Tibet, Victoria, Vietnam, West Himalaya